There are 4 scenerios in operant conditioning. Negative punishment and Positive punishment are used to decrease the chances of a behavior being repeated. Negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement are used to increase the chances of a specific behavior being repeated. So far, I have'nt found negative reinforcement or positive punishment to be neccesary while working with my dogs.
I mostly use Negative Punishment (take away something desirable to decrease the likelihood of a behavior reoccuring) and Positive Reinforcement (add something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior reoccuring).
I do use punishment, I just don't use
physical punishment.
In order for physical corrections to be effective they must be strong but not so strong that they physically and/or mentally harm the dog. Too strong will likely cause fear and possibly even aggression. Too weak will not be effective enough and will allow the dog to build up a tolerance as the corrections gradually become stronger but still remain ineffective. I guess my main problem with physical corrections is that they seem to be, more often than not, misused. They are applied too strong or not strong enough, applied with poor timing and some people use "correction" equipment without even taking the time to learn how to use it properly. Further more, alot of correction based training seems to be focused on the concept of dominance theory....using corrections to dominate your dog so that he respects you as "alpha".
Just my opinion.