While I believe strongly in the use of positive reinforcement, I do believe there is a place for physical corrections.
Sitting back and reading this thread, I can see why people get so irritated with those who promote positive training (and I've been in that position, I fully admit it). There's seems to be a certain amount of "holier than thou" attitude when someone says that corrections are NEVER necessary and they would NEVER use them. It creates the feeling that anyone who does use a physical correction of any kind is just pond scum.
Just giving my gut feeling when I read all of this - and I got the same feeling on a previous thread about scruff shaking.
I've been training seriously since 1988. I started with a lot of correction, and that was definitely wrong. It created a fear relationship with the dogs.
I went to purely positive. My dogs LOVED me - but there was definitely a lack of consistent obedience with the dogs. It wasn't as easy to compete, that was for sure. Positive reinforcement training is a beautiful thing, but when the dog has no sense of consequence and something better comes along, you're going to lose the focus.
Now, before someone objects to that .. there are dogs that can be trained by positive reinforcement to the point where they think there is nothing better than doing what their owner wants. In those cases, you're not going to lose the focus of the dog because "something better" never comes along. Generally I've found that these are dogs that are of breeds who want to please their owners anyhow. My shepherds fall into this category, which is why Trick can be off-leash ANYWHERE and I trust her. I can heel her through town alongside of a four lane highway and I don't have any fear that she'll go out into traffic. We work regularly in the parking lot of a busy store, with her off-leash. This is the type of dog that doesn't need much in the way of corrections.
But when you have a dog that has an extremely strong level of independent thought, it's a whole different ball park. All three of my chows fall into this category. I have a huge background in training. I've studied and practiced and used my techniques on hundreds and hundreds of dogs. I've trained and shown to nearly 30 performance titles. One of my chows was the #1 chow two years in obedience in the U.S., and earned over 130 Delaney points in open level obedience (beating goldens, border collies, labs, etc.).
I train as far as I can with positive training with the chows. But the only way I've found to make them dependable off-leash is to fall back on some physical corrections. I know, I had the option to not ever let them off-leash. But if we're talking being able to train dogs using all positives, if it truly works as some claim then ALL dogs should be able to be trained to the same level of reliability using positives, and that's just not true. Overall, you are not going to get the same reliability off-leash with a chow using all positives than you are a German shepherd. It's just not as natural for the chow to want to please.
My young chow knows close to 70 commands consistently, and all were trained initially with positives. But off-leash outdoors? I spent 16 months doing a positive recall with her. EVERY time she came to me, she was reinforced and praised and treated. We started with little short recalls and played the recall game over and over. I ran from her and hid so she could find me. I used her meals, flavored with tasty meat, and worked on recalls both indoors and out. We did recalls everywhere - at home, at the lodge, in town, at classes, etc. She does a GORGEOUS competition recall where she leaps into the air and hits the ground running. It looks amazing.
And then she hit adolescence going into maturity and decided that there were places she had to explore. At unpredictable times she'd take off. I went back to a long line, re-trained her to a different command using all positives, best treats I could find, etc. After two straight months of this, I tried off-leash again and mid-play she tucked her butt and hauled off into the woods. Calling her didn't even result in a glance back.
So here's the positive trained dog who has had everything done right to this point - now we're at 18 months of training. I weighed my options carefully and felt I had the following options: never let her off-leash again, or give her some sort of consequence to the action of running off.
By the way, the total number of times she ran off was FOUR. It wasn't a hugely developed habit, but I was afraid she'd take on a moose when she ran off or someone would pick her up and keep her (she's so darn CUTE and friendly). I didn't want her hurt or lost.
I didn't just add in a correction when she ran - I went through a carefully planned set of exercises to teach her that there was a consequence and she could choose to avoid the consequence by responding to me quickly. It was very effective and because it was used sparingly, I have seen NO averse effects to our relationship.
I would love to believe that "no physical corrections" would work with all dogs, but in my experience that's just not true. It may work with a large number of dogs. I went through a lot of anguish over the choice to do this, but I also realize that if I'd done it earlier it would have been even better.
I live with a pack of bitches - four at this point - and there are things I do that others may consider physical corrections. If I'm walking across the floor, I run into them if they choose not to get out of my way. They HAVE to know to move. I have an auto-immune disease that attacks my joints and if I'm flared and trip over a dog, I'm in for a world of hurt (as are they, when I land on them!). I can't always see them to tell them to move. I suppose I could figure out a way to reinforce them for every time they move, but that would be extremely difficult given the circumstances here. So I take the lazy way out and I bump them out of the way with my legs. They don't yelp .. it's not designed to hurt .. but it's definitely a physical correction. If I'm clipping nails and my dog decides to get up and move, I push the dog back down and say "knock it off, I'm almost done". That's another physical correction.
I'm sorry if I insult anyone, but to say "there's NEVER a place for physical correction" is naive and wrong in my eyes. I don't recommend physical corrections for general day-to-day training and I never get on an online forum and say "your dog needs a big pop with a prong collar on". But I also never say "physical corrections are absolutely bad" because I'd be a hypocrite if I said so. I think almost everyone at some time uses a physical correction, and that correction does not have to equal abuse or pain.
Melanie and the gang in Alaska