ANY dewormer can cause a dog to vomit. Typically it happens within an hour and is a systemic reaction to one or more of the active ingredients or the carrier.
The question then is how effective has the deworming been and the only straight answer is that you don't know.
As long as the dog doesn't continue vomiting, deworm again with the same dewormer in 2 weeks time. If the vomiting repeats then obviously change the dewormer, taking note of the active ingredients.However, you may find a different brand with the same active ingredients that does not cause a problem because the dosage or carrier is different.
In short - trial and error is the name of the game but you can obviously short circuit the process by starting off with a high quality vet recommended dewormer (as opposed to one bought off a supermarket shelf).
Remember - in matters biological there are more grey areas than hard and fast rules.
Regards
ledoc