I've only skimmed this... I'll just add to your questions about cage, food, and whatnot.
I have a Martins cage for my 2 girls. It's held up really nicely, I've had it for nearly 6 years, 3 of those years it was left sitting in our garage... still looks brand new. I use fleece and towels for bedding. I don't know if it's because I have females now instead of males, but I don't notice ANY smell like I did with other beddings (and I've tried aspen, Carefresh, and Yesterdays News... the YN was the best of those, although not the comfiest). My mom is a freak when it comes to animal smells and she didn't want me to have rats in the first place, and she admits that she doesn't smell them. You would think fabric would get super stinky, but apparently not lol. I just throw it in the wash every 2-3 days. And as long as the rats don't chew massive holes into the fabric, you only need to buy a couple sets and they last quite a while.... so it's a lot cheaper than buying bedding.
As far as food, my rats' staple diet is Wellness senior dog food. A couple times a week I also give them a homemade mix, pretty much the same as the Suebees diet Foxy linked to. And then whatever sort of fresh fruits/veggies we have on hand.
I used to think the tails were disgusting, too. Right up until I actually got my first rats. You get over it pretty quickly once you fall in love with their sweet personalities and cute faces.