Training takes time, As far as going in the trash goes the only really good way to prevent that is to get a trash can with a cover or putting the trash in a cabinet. The cat food, well we also had a problem with that so I put the food on the top of the cat tree, so put it up high where the cats can get it but the dog can't, or pick it up when the cat(s) finish eating. For a recall if you have a long leash or light rope it would help. At first use the treat and say come if he does not start to move use the rope to pull him in then give the treat do this until he will come for the treat without you pulling. Over time put the treat in your pocket so he does not know it is there, but still give it to him when he comes, you may have to start using the leash again for this. Once he no longer needs you to pull on the leash, you can start giving him the treats randomly instead of every time, do not use any pattern. Make sure you still praise him every time with a happy voice and petting. Only pull the leash when you have to, a dog learns faster when he does the action all by himself, but he may need some direction at first. I also heard that if you run away from the dog while calling him in a high voice he may come. If he prefers a few tugs with his toy instead of a treat use that, if he prefers the treat use those. These steps will take days or weeks or even more depending on the dog, make sure he knows everything thoroughly before moving to the next step. If he has a lot of trouble with a step go back to the last step you did.
For counter surfing you should teach the down command. When he jumps on something (a piece of furniture, a counter, or a person) tell him "off" and either pull him down (gently) or entice him off then give him a treat. Do this every time. Eventually he will learn when you say off he should have "all four on the floor". Once you get him off the item you should give him something to do. If he was on furniture bring him to his own bed or sleeping place and have him lay down giving him a command like "bed", then when he lays there give him a treat (while you are training him you may always want a pocket full of treats so you never miss reinforcing good behavior). If he is up on the counter once you pull him off you should give him something like a Kong to play with. If he jumps on a person once you get him off tell him to sit and then give him a treat.
You may also want to teach him "drop it", in case he already grabbed an object, and "Leave it" if he seems interested in an object. for drop it you should do a trade off. Give him an object, nothing to interesting something that he will hold but not something he loves or is tasty. Then say drop it and take the object giving him a treat, when he finishes the treat give the object back, he learns dropping the object gets him something better, and he will get the object back. Over a few days increase the value of the objects so he is dropping his favorite or yummy stuff like bones (do not rush or you will set up to fail).
As far as leave it goes I'm not 100% sure how to teach it as I never finished teaching that to my dog. What I was doing was putting two food items, one in each hand. I would put one, a less tasty one, maybe a plain piece of biscuit in one open hand with my palm facing up, and in he other hand hold a tasty treat, maybe a piece of hot dog closed in the other. When you show him the plain treat and he goes for it close your hand saying "leave it" then give him the hot dog. Do that a bunch of times altering which hand the yummy food is in. Over time he will stop going for the treat when you say "leave it" and eventually you will not have to close your hand you can just give him the other treat. Once again over time you should increase the value of the treat so he learns to leave it even if it is really tasty. You can also have him look at you when you say "leave it" by holding the hot dog treat by your face when you close your hand so that when you say "leave it" he will look at you (this way probably works better in a real life scenario).
If he lays down when you have treats then your off to a good start. Make sure he is very good at it, not in just one session but over a few days of sessions. Once he is you can start a session using treats and then start alternating wen you give them (once again have no pattern). Still give praise each time. Eventually you can have a session where the treat is on a counter next to you where he can't see it but still give it to him when he does the down. Over time you can wean him off treats (remember to still praise him.)
Do not be discouraged and DO NOT RUSH HIM. Training takes time and patience. If you feel frustrated during a session have him sit (or any command he knows very well) and give him a treat. Then end the session. You can start again when you are calm and happy. Also incorporate training into his play. When he is playing tug-o-war with you and you pull the rope out of his mouth have him sit and the start the game back up, the next time have him go into a down and then restart the game. Training should be enjoyable for both of you. And GOOD LUCK!!!!! you are doing a great thing trying to make Hershey an inside dog! Oh and sorry my post is so long
