There are two different game types in disc dog, Toss & Fetch and Freestyle. The training that goes into both is different as the games are completely different. However, a lot of the drills that help strengthen one game will ultimately help the other game as well. Generally what's needed for a good game of Toss & Fetch is a go-around, a nice throw and a quick retrieve to hand. There are a couple exercises such as setting the flank that can help the dog out though.
This would be my plan for working on a freestyle foundation.
For a dog that can catch a disc and has good drive for it, I would start with flatwork. Teaching go-arounds, ribbon work and rear crosses will help you learn to maneuver the dog around the field and place them where they need to be. Having this ability will create a freestyle routine that flows better and is more interesting to the judges and spectators as it's not just two dimensional.
This video has a great example of working the flank and rear crosses:
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This video has ribbon work:
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This video shows go arounds and other set up moves:
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From there I would teach set up moves like scoots, throughs and spins. These are a great way to slow your dog down (collection!) and to put them where they need to be to complete a trick. Many sequences begin with one of those tricks or a variation of them.
After that I would work on simple sequences like Around the World and Zig-Zags. Both of those sequences will help the dog learn to catch multiple discs rather than focusing on just the one. It will also help you get your "drop" on cue. A couple other exercises that can help with drops is oppositional feeding and oppositional leading. Throw a disc out for the dog, the dog catches it, call a drop, mark the drop with a yes while throwing the next disc out. The difference between the two exercises is where you throw the disc; oppositional leading means you pick the dog's line of travel so the throw would be off of his original line. Oppositional feeding would mean the next disc is thrown on the dog's path of travel.
This video has Zig-Zags:
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This video has oppositional feeding:
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I would also be working on smaller tricks such as overs and flips. Timing and throws are 90% of freestyle, if you can't get that disc where it needs to be, when it needs to be, your whole trick is going to fall apart, not to mention the increased risk of injury to your dog. So those two tricks help you learn about timing and disc placement. Any new throw such as the throws needed for flips and overs should be practiced without a dog until you are consistent.
This video shows flips:
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Now if you already have a bunch of tricks and different catches, you are ready to start to build sequences. Tricks are arranged into sequences that generally consist of 3-5 throws and then those sequences are arranged into a routine. Putting tricks on notecards and then picking 3-4 random notecards and arranging them in different orders can help you build sequences. Always think about the number of discs you need for each sequence and the flow of the sequence. When you go to teach a sequence, it's easiest to put "waits" in between each trick until you and the dog have the flow down.
This video shows the wait between tricks during sequence building:
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