My dogs are animals, not children, and I treat my dogs as such. I don't pretend my dogs are humans, or compare them to children. However, I do believe that there are some similarities between how one should treat a dog vs. a child/any human being. It comes down to sense and compassion for me.
If the weather was such that I would be uncomfortable sitting in a car, or that I'd question whether I would leave a child in a car, then I certainly would not leave my dog in the car either. If the car is too hot, then it's too hot, regardless of whether it's a dog or a person in the car. It shouldn't matter what the species is.
And when it comes to training or just living with a dog, I try to approach it the same way as how I would want to be treated in many ways. Not identically, since you can't very well have a conversation and reason with a dog, or expect them to think logically and know better, but I mean more in the aspect of: If I want them to work, then they should be rewarded. I would not work without a pay cheque. And if they do something inappropriate, there will likely be a consequence. I try to be fair. But I keep things species appropriate, if that makes sense. While I feel some of the same philosophies should apply, I'm not going to use the exact same techniques on a dog as I would a child. Dogs learn way differently than humans and vise versa.