A couple examples:
1/640 Æ’/2.8 ISO 6400 59 mm
The light was awful in this forest so I pumped the ISO up to 6400 and the dogs were not holding still well so I pumped the shutter speed up as high as I could without losing too much light which was 1/640 (for action shots I try to stay above 1/1000) and to compensate for these other two settings I dropped my f stop to f/2.8. Notice how his nose is out of focus but his eyes and anything on the same plain, such as the wubba, are? The last number is the zoom distance. I have a 24-70mm lens on and I had it at 59mm.
Grain, but not bad and frankly I enjoy grain. This photo needed it's white balance adjusted and some moderate exposure adjustments because like I said, tinkering.
1/800 Æ’/2.8 ISO 200 70 mm
The light was much better in this shot. I used a lower ISO to crisp up the shots. The I have my shutter speed up but lower than it should be in this shot, in retrospect I would up the ISO a bit and the shutter speed because I was currently shooting action shots. I still had the f stop very low to give a stronger point of focus. The lens was at it's maximum zoom.
1/50 Æ’/4.5 ISO 250
I try to never go below 1/60 when I am shooting handheld, the human hand has difficulty not vibrating with camera weight and anything below 1/60 is a rule of thumb to use a stabilizer like a tripod. I upped the f stop to encourage more of the face being in focus as opposed to just the eyes or just the nose, etc. This was a fixed 50mm lens so no data is needed for the zoom.
1/8000 Æ’/4 ISO 400 50 mm
Dog in action, higher shutter speed, daylight but roving clouds moderate ISO, and a moderate f stop helps the chance of catching the dog in focus. The smaller the f stop the more likely you are to miss your pinpoint. Depending on the number of focal points in your camera body this is a very important aspect.
Can you try to reason why these ones are set up the way they are?
1/1600 Æ’/3.2 ISO 1250
1/640 Æ’/3.2 ISO 400
1/2500 Æ’/3.2 ISO 400
1/1250 Æ’/2.8 ISO 160
This is all natural lighting... adding a flash or light boxes adds another dimension, do you use artificial lighting?